Chuyển đổi xanh đối với khu vực kinh tế tư nhân: Thực tiễn thế giới và lộ trình chính sách cho Việt Nam

Tóm tắt

In the context of escalating climate change and the national commitment to achieving net-zero emissions by 2050, the green transition has emerged as a pivotal strategic orientation, with the private sector playing a central role in practical implementation. This study analyzes the roles, drivers, and barriers inherent in the green transition process of Vietnam's private sector, framed through a comparative lens with international experience. The research employs a methodology based on the synthesis of academic literature and the analysis of secondary data from prominent international organizations (such as OECD, IRENA, WIPO, and the World Bank) alongside domestic sources, integrated with a policy comparison approach. The findings indicate that while the private sector possesses significant potential to catalyze green growth through technological innovation and green investment, it continues to confront substantial constraints regarding access to finance, technological capacity, and institutional frameworks. International comparisons reveal that successful nations typically establish synchronized policy ecosystems that integrate green finance, environmental standards, and innovation support. Consequently, this study proposes the refinement of the green financial framework, the enhancement of investment incentive mechanisms, and the strengthening of linkages between the state, enterprises, and the innovation ecosystem to accelerate the green transition in Vietnam.