Vốn điều lệ và hiệu quả hoạt động ngân hàng; Bằng chứng từ các Ngân hàng Thương mại Việt Nam

Abstract

This study examines the impact of charter capital on the performance of Vietnamese commercial banks in the context of increasingly stringent capital adequacy requirements under the Basel framework. Using panel data covering the period 2010–2024, the study employs a two-step System GMM estimator to address potential endogeneity issues and capture the dynamic nature of bank performance.

The empirical results indicate that charter capital exerts a positive and statistically significant effect on bank performance, as measured by Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), and Net Interest Margin (NIM). In contrast, credit risk and operational costs are found to have negative impacts, while liquidity does not exhibit a statistically significant effect. The validity and robustness of the model are confirmed through Hansen and AR(2) tests.

These findings highlight the critical role of capital enhancement in improving the operational efficiency of commercial banks. Furthermore, the study provides important policy implications for regulators and bank management in optimizing capital strategies to ensure both stability and performance in the banking sector.